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The Convention of 1832 was the first political gathering of colonists in Mexican Texas. Delegates sought reforms from the Mexican government and hoped to quell the widespread belief that settlers in Texas wished to secede from Mexico. The convention was the first in a series of unsuccessful attempts at political negotiation that eventually led to the Texas Revolution. Under the 1824 Constitution of Mexico, Texas was denied independent statehood and merged into the new state Coahuila y Tejas. After growing suspicious that the United States government would attempt to seize Texas by force, in 1830 Mexican President Anastasio Bustamante signed a series of highly unpopular laws restricting immigration and calling for customs duty enforcement. Tensions erupted in June 1832, when Texas residents systematically expelled all Mexican troops from eastern Texas. The lack of military oversight emboldened the colonists to increase their political activity. On October 1, 1832, 55 political delegates met at San Felipe de Austin to petition for changes in the governance of Texas. Notably absent was any representation from San Antonio de Béxar, where many of the native Mexican settlers (''Tejanos'') lived. The delegates elected Stephen F. Austin, a highly respected ''empresario'', as president of the convention. Delegates passed a series of resolutions requesting, among other things, a repeal of the immigration restrictions, a three-year exclusion from custom duties enforcement, permission to form an armed militia and independent statehood. They also voted themselves the power to call future conventions. Before the petition could be delivered to Mexico City, the political chief of Texas, Ramón Músquiz, ruled that the convention was illegal and annulled the resolutions. In a compromise, the ''ayuntamiento'' (city council) of San Antonio de Béxar drafted a new petition with similar language to the convention resolutions and submitted it through proper legal channels. Músquiz forwarded the new document to the Mexican Congress. ==Background== (詳細はNew World won their independence and banded together to create a new country, Mexico. The Constitution of 1824 established Mexico as a federalist republic comprising multiple states. Sparsely populated former Spanish provinces were denied independent statehood and instead merged with neighboring areas. The former Spanish Texas, which marked Mexico's eastern border with the United States, was combined with Coahuila to form the new state Coahuila y Tejas.〔 To assist in governing the large area, the state was subdivided into several departments; all of Texas was included in the Department of Béxar.〔Ericson (2000), p. 33.〕 With the formation of a new state government, the Texas provincial governing committee was forced to disband,〔de la Teja (1997), p. 83.〕 and the capital was moved from San Antonio de Béxar to Saltillo.〔Edmondson (2000), p. 72.〕 Many ''Tejanos''—native Mexican citizens who lived in Texas—were reluctant to give up their self-rule.〔 The bankrupt federal government was unable to provide much military assistance to the settlers in Texas, who faced frequent raids by native tribes. In the hopes that an influx of settlers could control the raids, in 1824 the government appointed ''empresarios'' to settle families from the United States and Europe in Texas.〔Manchaca (2001), pp. 164, 187.〕 As the number of Americans living in Texas blossomed, Mexican authorities became apprehensive that the United States might wish to annex the area, possibly using force.〔Henson (1982), pp. 47–8.〕〔Morton (1947), p. 33.〕 On April 6, 1830, the Mexican government passed a series of laws restricting immigration from the United States into Texas. The laws also cancelled all unfilled ''empresario'' contracts and called for the first enforcement of customs duties.〔 The new laws angered both ''Tejanos'' and recent immigrants (Texians).〔Davis (2006), p. 77.〕 Stephen F. Austin, a well-respected ''empresario'' who had brought the first group of American settlers to Texas, warned Mexican President Anastasio Bustamante that the laws seemed designed to destroy the colonies.〔Davis (2006), p. 76.〕 Texas's two delegates to the state legislature, both ''Tejanos'', were so vocal in their opposition that one of them was expelled from the legislature.〔 Austin was elected to fill his seat, and in December 1830 he left for Saltillo.〔Davis (2006), p. 78.〕 Implementation of the laws led to much tension within Texas. Much to the displeasure of the colonists, a new military post was established in Anahuac to begin collecting customs duties. The commander of the post, Colonel Juan Davis Bradburn, often clashed with the locals over his strict interpretation of Mexican law. In June 1832, colonists armed themselves and marched on Anahuac. As a result of these Anahuac Disturbances, Bradburn was forced to resign.〔Henson (1982), pp. 95–102, 109.〕 The small Texian rebellion coincided with a revolt led by General Antonio López de Santa Anna against Bustamante's centralist government.〔Davis (2006), p. 85.〕 The chaos in the Mexican interior and the Texian success at Anahuac emboldened other Texas settlers to take arms against garrisons throughout eastern Texas.〔Henson (1982), p. 108.〕 Within weeks, settlers expelled all Mexican soldiers from eastern Texas.〔Davis (2006), p. 86.〕 Free from military oversight, the settlers began to increase their political activity.〔Davis (2006), p. 89.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Convention of 1832」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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